Language evolves, borrowing mathematical symbols to pack more meaning into tighter spaces. Among these imports, the word plus stands out as a versatile tool. Originally confined to arithmetic equations, it has migrated into everyday writing and speech as a preposition, an adjective, a noun, and a casual conjunction. Using it correctly requires understanding its distinct grammatical identity, which differs significantly from traditional connecting words like and.
Grammar guides often debate whether plus can function as a true conjunction. While dictionaries record its widespread use as a connector linking clauses or items, strict editors still flag it in formal writing. Knowing when to rely on it and when to choose a standard alternative prevents grammatical missteps and keeps your prose sharp.
The Grammatical Roots of Plus
To use plus effectively, look at its origins. Derived from the Latin word for more, it entered English primarily as a mathematical term indicating addition. In an equation like $5 + 3 = 8$, it connects two quantities. Over time, writers adopted the term for non-mathematical contexts to signify an addition, an extra advantage, or an inclusive grouping.
Its core classifications in standard dictionaries include:
- Preposition: Meaning "in addition to" or "with" (e.g., "The job pays fifty thousand dollars plus benefits").
- Adjective: Meaning "extra" or "advantageous" (e.g., "A plus factor in our marketing strategy").
- Noun: Meaning an advantage or positive feature (e.g., "Her organizational skills are a major plus").
- Conjunction: Meaning "and also" or "moreover" (e.g., "The weather was terrible, plus we ran out of gas").
Each role carries specific punctuation and agreement rules. Confusing them leads to awkward sentences and confused readers.
Plus Versus And: Understanding the Conjunction Gap
The most common friction point occurs when writers treat plus as a direct synonym for and. While they share a similar additive spirit, they behave differently in syntax, particularly regarding subject-verb agreement and punctuation.
When you join two singular subjects with and, the resulting compound subject takes a plural verb.
Example: "The manager and the assistant are reviewing the budget."
When you join two items with plus, the grammatical status of the second item changes. It functions as part of a prepositional phrase rather than an equal subject. Consequently, the primary subject remains singular, which dictates a singular verb for sticklers, though informal speech often blurs this line.
Example: "The manager, plus the assistant, is reviewing the budget."
👉 See also: What Does Plural Mean:
If you want absolute clarity in formal or professional writing, swap the word for and when linking two equal subjects. Reserve plus for adding an extra element, an afterthought, or a distinct clause that doesn't need to govern the verb's number.
Using Plus as an Informal Connector
In casual writing, journalism, and dialogue, plus frequently operates as a conjunctive adverb, bridging independent clauses. It carries a conversational tone, resembling words like furthermore, besides, or what's more.
Example: "We missed the morning train, plus traffic on the highway was backed up for miles."
This usage works well in blog posts, emails, and narrative prose where a natural, spoken cadence matters. However, in academic papers, legal documents, or corporate reports, relying on plus to link independent clauses can feel unprofessional. Stronger alternatives for formal writing include additionally, moreover, or simply and.
If you use it this way, punctuate carefully. When it joins two complete sentences, place a period or semicolon before it, or separate the clauses clearly. Avoid run-on sentences that string multiple thoughts together with casual additives.
Common Errors and Pitfalls to Avoid
Writers often stumble when applying mathematical shorthand to linguistic structures. Watch out for these frequent missteps:
- Subject-verb mismatch: Using a plural verb when a singular noun is modified by a phrase introduced by the word. Keep your verbs aligned with the main subject.
- Overuse in formal contexts: Dropping the term into essays or executive summaries where standard conjunctions command more authority.
- Punctuation drift: Failing to set off additive phrases properly, leading to ambiguous sentence boundaries.
- Redundancy: Pairing the word with redundant modifiers like also or additionally in the same breath.
Paying attention to these details elevates your writing style and ensures your intended meaning comes across without distraction.
Best Practices for Professional Prose
Mastering this versatile word means knowing your audience and context. Follow these guidelines to keep your writing polished:
- Assess the medium: Reserve casual conjunctive uses for blogs, newsletters, and personal correspondence. Stick to standard conjunctions in formal publishing.
- Check your verbs: Whenever you use the term to add a secondary item to a subject, verify that your verb agrees with the primary noun.
- Vary your vocabulary: If you find yourself repeating the word across a single paragraph, mix in alternatives like along with, coupled with, or in addition to.
For further reading on standard English usage and sentence structure, you can explore the Purdue Online Writing Lab or consult the Chicago Manual of Style Online.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I start a sentence with plus?
In formal writing, starting a sentence with this word is discouraged because it functions primarily as a preposition or connector rather than a transitional adverb. In casual contexts or dialogue, writers occasionally use it to introduce a supplementary point, but words like additionally or besides offer a cleaner start.
Does plus make a subject plural?
Strictly speaking, no. Unlike and, which creates a compound plural subject, plus introduces an additive phrase. The primary subject remains grammatically singular, though casual speech often treats the combined elements as plural.
Is plus considered a formal word?
It is entirely standard when used as a preposition, noun, or adjective in business and technical contexts (e.g., "Grade B plus"). However, using it as a conjunction joining clauses remains informal.
How do I punctuate sentences containing plus?
When used as a preposition within a single clause, no special punctuation is needed. When used informally to link independent clauses, treat it similarly to transition words by ensuring the surrounding clauses are properly punctuated to avoid run-on sentences.
